The way the sperm fertilises the egg is the main difference between IVF and ICSI. The egg and sperm (of which there are many) are left in a petri dish to fertilise on their own during IVF. In ICSI, one sperm is directly injected into the egg.
ICSI is a IVF that is used primarily for the treatment of severe cases of male-factor infertility. ICSI involves the injection of a single sperm directly into a mature egg.
The inability of the sperm to activate the oocyte is the most common reason for unsuccessful fertilisation following ICSI utilising round-head sperm. Fertilization failure can also be caused by nuclear decondensation arrest and/or premature chromosomal condensation in some types of globozoospermia.
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